Whether a second language is learned as a child, teenager, or as an adult, second language acquisition research has noted certain patterns that can help ESL/EFL teachers prepare their lessons. This book explains these issues including the three essential components of ESL/EFL students' learning: input, output, and interaction. Learn how material…

A discussion of classroom research on language teaching looks at what researchers have learned so far from attempts to study what happens in the language classroom. The discussion is based on the idea that it is not the currency of instructional method used that matters most, but rather a fuller understanding of classroom interaction. The first…

An instructional module designed to help prepare college-level teaching assistants (TAs) for their duties in second language instruction is presented. The module addresses issues in explicit second-language grammar instruction and the classroom presentation and use of grammar-related instructional materials. An introductory section outlines…